Vaping has become ubiquitous in many countries. Vapes are common in shops, streets and on social media, which can make vaping appear normal and fashionable.
Vaping has become ubiquitous in many countries. Vape shops are common, colourful devices appear on social media, and many teenagers and young adults use them despite never having smoked.
A vape heats e-liquid and produces an aerosol that users breathe into their lungs. This aerosol may contain nicotine, flavourings, tiny particles and other chemicals. Nicotine is highly addictive, so occasional use can quickly become a daily habit.
Vaping is generally less harmful than smoking because it does not burn tobacco or produce tar in the same way. It may help some adult smokers stop using cigarettes. However, non-smokers gain no health benefit from starting and may develop nicotine dependence.
Sweet flavours, bright colours and modern designs can entice young people to try vaping. Social media and pressure from friends may also make the habit appear harmless or fashionable.
Possible health effects include coughing, headaches, throat irritation and shortness of breath. Nicotine may also affect attention, memory and learning, particularly in teenagers whose brains are still developing. The long-term effects of vaping are not yet fully understood.
Vapes also create environmental problems. They contain plastic, metal, electrical parts, chemicals and lithium batteries. When discarded incorrectly, batteries may cause fires in rubbish trucks and recycling centres.
Old vapes can also pollute streets, parks and rivers. Harmful substances may leach into soil and water, while plastic parts can break into smaller pieces and harm wildlife.
Although the United Kingdom banned single-use vapes in June 2025, rechargeable products still create waste from pods, coils, bottles and batteries.
Vaping can exacerbate electronic waste, plastic pollution and battery fires. It may be a useful alternative for some adult smokers, but teenagers and non-smokers should not begin vaping.
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